CDM Project Opportunities in Various Country Regions

Installation of a new 208 MW combined cycle unit at Yerevan TPP. The project will be jointly financed by the soft loan provided by Japan with co-financing from the Armenian government. The new unit will provide steam to the neighboring industries and heat to residential area located next to the plant. Estimated annual fuel saving - 276.000 t eq. fuel. Expected annual GHG emissions reduction - 352.000 t CO₂e.

Rehabilitation of centralized and decentralized heating systems of Yerevan city based on introduction of co-generation heating systems, modernization of existing boiler houses, installation of up-to-date metering and control equipment, etc.

The energy sector in Armenia accounts for 97% of the total CO₂ emissions. The main potential for reducing CO₂ emissions and improving energy saving lies in electricity production and heat supply systems. Thus, enhancing the energy efficiency of municipal heat supply system and promoting energy conservation measures can result in substantial GHG emissions reduction.

Introduction of energy efficiency measures and implementation of new technologies in the process of calcination at "Gajegorts" alabaster factory. CO₂ emissions reduction potential will be estimated within the framework of the Second National Communication of RA under the UNFCCC. Substitution of natural gas with butadiene during production of synthetic rubber at "Nairit Factory" CJSC. Currently, the plant uses a technology for production of synthetic rubber from natural gas. This technology is characterized by high energy consumption and low productivity. Introduction of butadiene technology as well as elimination of energy losses from the steam pipelines will increase efficiency of production and lead to GHG emissions reduction. Expected annual GHG emissions reduction - 225.000 t CO₂e.

Landfill gas capture and power generation project. The ongoing project is carried out by the Japanese companies and the Municipality of Yerevan. Estimated emissions reduction is 2,16 mln t CO₂e for 16 years of crediting period.

Rehabilitation of Yerevan Waste Water Treatment Plant. The plant, which is the largest one in the country, with 550 cubic meters a day capacity and 4,200 km of system network and collectors, is operating with only mechanical treatment. The biological treatment system of the plant is completely out of service due to equipment failures and lack of funds for repairs and refurbishment. After the rehabilitation of the plant it will be possible to introduce biogas technologies to organize methane capture and its further destruction through utilization in gas engine generator or by flaring.

Implementation of energy efficiency measures at pumping stations, introduction of a gravitational system of water supply at delivery mains, revision of principles of water supply zoning, installation of modern individual water metering and control systems on the consumer level. Due to the implementation of the above-mentioned measures it will be possible to noticeably decrease the energy intensity of the municipal water supply and reduce GHGs emissions from energy consumption.

Afforestation/Reforestation projects aiming at carbon sequestration through enlargement of greenery area, such as urban forestry area for performing recreational, sanitary-hygienic, sporting and other social-environmental purposes.

Construction of small HPPs with the total installed capacity of 21 MW and annual power generation of 54,5 GWh. Estimated annual fuel saving - 18.000 t eq. fuel. Expected annual GHG emissions reduction - 29.500 t CO₂e.

Implementation of Afforestation/Reforestation CDM projects to expand forest plantation area, which in addition could prevent land erosion, improve water catchments areas and support agro-forestry plantations in rather extensive areas of community, state and private ownership.

Construction of small HPPs with the total installed capacity of 18,2 MW and annual power generation of 56,1 GWh. Estimated annual fuel saving - 18.500 t eq. fuel. Expected annual GHG emissions reduction - 30.300 t CO₂e.

Introduction of energy efficiency measures and implementation of new technologies in the process of calcination of limestone at "Ararat" cement factory. CO₂ emissions reduction potential will be estimated within the framework of the Second National Communication of RA under the UNFCCC.

Establishment of protection forest belts and other agro-forestry systems aiming carbon sequestration and the improvement of the management of croplands and grasslands, requiring regular irrigation.

Construction of small HPPs with the total installed capacity of 23 MW and annual power generation of 66 GWh.Estimated annual fuel saving - 21.800 t eq. fuel. Expected annual GHG emissions reduction - 35.700 t CO₂e.

Construction of WPPs with the total installed capacity of 60 MW and annual power generation of 58,5 GWh. Estimated annual fuel saving - 19.400 t eq. fuel. Expected annual GHG emissions reduction - 31.800 t CO₂e.

Afforestation/Reforestation CDM projects aiming improvement of watershed management of lake Sevan, prevention of land erosion and supporting the recreational functions of newly established forests.

Construction of a new 440 MW gas turbine (Unit N5) at Hrazdan TPP. CO₂ emission reduction potential will be estimated within the framework of the Second National Communication of RA under the UNFCCC.

Construction of small HPPs with the total installed capacity of 9,1 MW and annual power generation of 21,4 GWh. Estimated annual fuel saving - 9.000 t eq. fuel. Expected annual GHG emissions reduction - 14.700 t CO₂e.

Optimization of technological cement production processes and introduction of power and resource saving technologies at Mika-Cement CJSC. Expected annual GHG emissions reduction - 115.000 t CO₂e.

Mitigation of Lusakert Pedigree Poultry Plant's animal effluent related to GHG emissions, by improving the plant's Animal Waste Management System practices. The technology implementation is based on the use of anaerobic digester treatment as the first step before a lagoon system. Produced effluent from the biogas plant will be routed to the existing lagoons and the captured gas will be used in a gas engine generator to produce heat and electricity. Any excess gas will be flared. Expected annual GHG emissions reduction - 63.000 t CO₂e.

Implementation of Afforestation/Reforestation CDM projects aiming carbon sequestration, as well as improvement of social, economic and environmental functions of the forests in community, state and private ownership lands.

Construction of Loriberd HPP with the total installed capacity of 66 MW and annual power generation of 216 GWh. HPP will be constructed in northern part of Armenia on Dzoraget River as a complex consisting of three derivation type HPPs.Construction of Shnogh HPP with the total installed capacity of 75 MW and annual power generation of 270 GWh. The HPP will be constructed in the north of Armenia on Debed River. Estimated annual fuel saving - 89.100 t eq. fuel. Expected annual GHG emissions reduction- 146.000 t CO₂e.

Construction of small HPPs with the total installed capacity of 335 MW and annual power generation of 123,5 GWh. Estimated annual fuel saving - 40.700 t eq. fuel. Expected annual GHG emissions reduction - 66.700 t CO₂e.

Construction of WPPs with the total installed capacity of 25,2 MW and annual power generation of 54,1 GWh. Estimated annual fuel saving - 17.800 t eq. fuel. Expected annual GHG emissions reduction - 29.800 t CO₂e.

Landfill gas capture and power generation project. Estimated annual emission reduction - 19700 t CO₂e.

Afforestation/Reforestation CDM projects aiming at establishment of forest plantations on community, state and private ownership lands, which could in addition play significant role supporting sustainable land management, preventing of land erosion, improving the water catchments areas, agro-forestry plantings, as well as alleviating of rural poverty through generated local employment opportunities etc.

Construction of Meghri HPP with the total installed capacity of 140 MW and annual power generation of 800 GWh.The HPP will be constructed in the south of Armenia on Arax River. CO₂ emissions reduction potential will be estimated within the framework of the Second National Communication of RA under the UNFCCC.

Construction of small HPPs with the total installed capacity of 486 MW and annual power generation of 177,4 GWh. Estimated annual fuel saving - 58.500 t eq. fuel. Expected annual GHG emissions reduction - 96.400 t CO₂e.

Construction of WPPs with the total installed capacity of 84 MW and annual power generation of 107,6 GWh. Estimated annual fuel saving - 35.500 t eq. fuel. Expected annual GHG emissions reduction - 58.200 t CO₂e.

Afforestation/Reforestation CDM projects aiming at establishment of forest plantations on different ownership lands, which could support sustainable land management, prevent land erosion, improve the water catchments areas, agro-forestry plantings, as well as alleviate rural poverty through generated local employment opportunities etc.

Afforestation/Reforestation CDM projects aiming at establishment of forest plantations on different ownership lands, which could support sustainable land management, prevent land erosion, improve the water catchments areas, agro-forestry plantings, as well as alleviate rural poverty through generated local employment opportunities etc.

Construction of small HPPs with the total installed capacity of 25 MW and annual power generation of 78,9 GWh. Estimated annual fuel saving - 26.000 t eq. fuel. Expected annual GHG emissions reduction - 42.700 t CO₂e.

Construction of WPPs with the total installed capacity of 10 MW and annual power generation of 21,5 GWh. Estimated annual fuel saving - 7.100 t eq. fuel. Expected annual GHG emissions reduction - 11.600 t CO₂e.

Landfill gas capture and power generation project. Estimated annual emission reduction - 50000 t CO₂e.

Establishment of protection forest belts and other agro-forestry systems aiming at improvement of croplands and grassland management, which will usually require regular irrigation.

Construction of small HPPs with the total installed capacity of 35 MW and annual power generation of 88,7 GWh. Estimated annual fuel saving - 29.300 t eq. fuel. Expected annual GHG emissions reduction - 48.700 t CO₂e.

Construction of WPPs with the total installed capacity of 14 MW and annual power generation of 42 GWh. Estimated annual fuel saving - 13.900 t eq. fuel. Expected annual GHG emissions reduction - 22.800 t CO₂e.

Afforestation/Reforestation CDM projects aiming at establishment of forest plantations on different ownership lands, which could support sustainable land management, prevent land erosion, improve the water catchments areas, agro-forestry plantings, as well as alleviate rural poverty through generated local employment opportunities etc.

Improvement of the level of motor transport gasification and diversification of urban public transport due to an increase in the number of buses of great capacity as well as electrified transport means. Expected annual GHG emissions reduction - 66.000 t CO₂e.

Use of new technologies for the reconstruction of linear parts of gas pipelines, gas leakage prevention from gas-distribution and compressor substations, introduction of computer-based data-processing system with remote supervision equipment and gas flow calculators. Expected annual GHG emissions reduction - 320.000 t CO₂e.

According to the First National Communication of RA, one of the measures outlined to mitigate adverse climate change was development of Optimal Forestation Concept, which has an overall target to expand forest cover areas of Armenia up to 20.1% by 2050 year, generating large potential for A/R projects in the country. However a comprehensive feasibility study would be required to assess the real potential of A/R projects consistent to CDM modalities and procedures.