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EuropeAid/115123/C/SV/Multi-Lot N°2 - This project is funded by the European Union | |
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1. Nubarashen Landfill Gas Capture and Power Generation Project in Yerevan 2. Lusakert Biogas Plant, methane capture and combustion
from poultry manure treatment
Nubarashen Landfill Gas Capture and Power Generation Project in Yerevan
The Project crediting period is expected to be 16 years; within this period it is proposed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 2 million tons of CO2. Besides Shimizu Corporation and the Yerevan Municipality, the Project also incorporates Mitsui & Co., Ltd., a Japanese trading company, and Hokkaido Electric Power Co., Inc. The Nubarashen landfill site has been handling the solid waste of Yerevan
City ever since its establishment on the outskirts of the city in 1960.
The landfill site is divided into three sections, A, B and C, each covering
an area of 20 ha. Site A started service in 1960 and became full in 1985;
Site B has been in service from
Nubarashen landfill site receives almost all the solid waste of Yerevan City, which has a population of approximately 1,280,000. Almost all the waste going to Nubarashen is composed of domestic waste discharged by citizens, whereas industrial waste accounts for only a small proportion. The amount of waste carried into Nubarashen landfill site is roughly estimated as 420-450 tons/day and, even taking the most conservative estimate, 149,100 tons/year. However, since incoming waste is only managed according to the number of trucks entering the landfill site, there are no accurate data concerning the quality and quantity of the waste. Due to a lack of funds, site operation and heavy machinery maintenance cannot be carried out according to the prescribed manuals (landfill standards), and many machines are in a state of disrepair following breakdowns. Landfill gas (LFG) from the site is released into the atmosphere unchecked and current conditions on the site are detrimental to the local environment. This is because LFG is a source of odor when emitted in low concentrations and is a potential cause of explosion or ignition when emitted in high concentrations. Moreover, since the main constituent of LFG is methane, which has a global warming potential (GWP) of 21, it also has a negative impact on the global environment. Yerevan City tried to collect LFG in the past, however, this attempt failed due to the lack of funds and also insufficient technical capacity. It is expected that, after implementation of the project, operation according to the manual will be started, compaction works will be executed, the life of this landfill site will be prolonged until the end of this project. Generated power by the GEG will be sold to the grid, this will bring positive effect on this project's profit structure. Not to mention, it is ensured that project participants can have a long term power purchasing contract with the local power distributing company under the Armenian regulation. It is assumed that the capacity of GEG is 1.7MW, but the capacity will be reconsidered according to the real amount of generated LFG after installing LFG collection system and confirming the amount of LFG. When the real amount of generated LFG is found to be too small or too unstable, it is possible that the project participant will give up installing GEG and will use only flaring. LFG collection system is composed of vertical collection holes, horizontal gas drains, gas collection pipes, airtight sheet, gasholders, measuring instruments, and blowers. This applies technology adopted in cases where ground containing high water content is improved by the vacuum consolidation method. Biogas small-scale GEG technology is composed of a gas engine capable of realizing stable operation using even a rarefied LFG like methane, generators, control panels, grid connection lines, and measuring instruments. The gas engine has generating efficiency of 30~40%. Along with the positive environmental outcome of the Project, the following
benefits are expected:
The Project was approved by the Ministry of Nature Protection of RA as a Designated National Authority for CDM and by the Japanese Government. The Letter of Approval was officially submitted to the Japanese delegation during the meeting held in the Ministry on Nature Protection of RA on April 18, 2005.
The project was registered by the CDM Executive Board on November 28, 2005. Project Design Document (Version 4)- English
version
The purpose of the project is to mitigate Lusakert Pedigree Poultry Plant's animal effluent related GHG-emissions, by improving the farm's AWMS (Animal Waste Management System) practices. The project consists of an advanced improvement to the common practice of poultry waste treatment, reducing a significant volume of greenhouse gases, as well as improving the quality of the reject water. The expected result from this project activity will be a significant reduction in the volume of methane (CH4) emissions compared to those emissions that would otherwise occur in a scenario with traditional poultry manure treatment systems. The technology implementation is based on the use of anaerobic digester treatment as the first step before a lagoon system. The volume of each digester is 2200 m3. Most of the mechanical equipment such as engines, pumping equipment and software will be imported from Denmark as standard units. The project developer in conjunction with its in-country suppliers will be responsible for the civil works and the on-site construction of digesters. Biogas recovered in the digester is immediately used in a gas engine generator to produce heat and electricity. Any excess gas will be flared. The heat from the cogeneration plant is used for heating the digester, in order to optimize operation and increase the speed of decomposition of the organic matter of effluents, thus replacing the use of fossil fuel that would otherwise contribute to emissions leakage. By destructing the methane coming from the biogas production in a gas engine and by flaring, the LBP project will significantly reduce emissions of greenhouse gases from the poultry plant. The environmental impacts due to the development of this project can be summarized as ancillary benefits: 1. Reducing atmospheric emissions of Volatile Organics Compounds (VOCs)
that cause odor LBP agrees to transfer a specific amount of CERs generated during the first crediting period to the Danish Party. The project crediting period starts in January 2007 and is supposed to last for 21 years. The length of the first crediting period is 7 years during which the estimated total emissions reduction will be 439,824 tons of CO2e. The project will be hosted by Armenia. The project participants are:
Project activity utilizes the CDM approved monitoring methodology AM0016/Version 03 entitled “Greenhouse gas mitigation from improved Animal Waste Management Systems in confined animal feeding operations.” The relevant Project Idea Note (PIN) describing the project concept was submitted to the Ministry of Nature Protection of RA (Designated National Authority for CDM) for consideration on April 7, 2005. The project PIN was endorsed by the DNA on May 16, 2005, which served as a formal incentive for initiating the Project Design Document development. In April 2006, the latest PDD (Version 6) was submitted to the DNA for approval. The Letter of Approval was issued by the DNA on May 5, 2006. Simultaneously, the project participants have initiated and finalazed the project validation process by the Designated Operational Entity (Det Norske Veritas). The project validation report was issued on December 8, 2005 and reviewed on April 10, 2006.
Project
Design Document (Version 6) Optimization of Cement Production Technological Processes and Introduction of Power and Resource Saving Technologies at “Mika-Cement" CJSC
“Mika-Cement” CJSC is one of the two cement producers in the Republic of Armenia. The plant is specialized in production of Portland cement and utilizes the most energy intensive wet process technology, main equipment of which was produced by former Soviet Union manufacturers before 1971, when due to cheapness of fossil fuels energy efficiency was not a priority. As a result, the energy consumption benchmarks of the plant are high, compared with the world’s best practice with similar wet process technology. The most energy consuming processes at the plant are associated with grinding of raw materials, clinker and additives, firing of clinker kilns and cement production. Due to above reasons optimization of cement production technology and introduction of energy and raw material saving measures at "Mika-Cement" CJSC has become a major concern and a top priority for the plant management. Main Objective Project Activities
Estimated total investment cost of the proposed activities is 3,623 mln euros. GHG Emission Reductions Annual GHG emission reductions depend on the annual cement production, which is planned to increase year by year. The implementation of the project activity will result in approximately 1.178 million tCO2 emission reductions during ten-year fixed crediting period. However, the actual emission reductions will be evaluated based on measurement results (ex-post evaluation). Project Host The plant is located in Hrazdan city, Republic of Armenia. It occupies a territory of 540 thousand m2 and has designed annual output capacity of 1.2 million tons of cement. The enterprise has more than a thirty-year history. It was put into operation as a structural subdivision of Hrazdan mining combine in 1970. In 1977 the enterprise was re-structured into the Hrazdan Cement Plant and became one of the main cement producers in the region. Its production not only was used locally but also was exported to Georgia and Azerbaijan. However, from 1992 until privatization in 2001, the plant operated unstable and cement output was fallen dramatically due to economic recession and transport blockade of Armenia. After privatization and establishment of “Mika-Cement” CJSC, the cement production volume has increased from 14,5 thousand ton in 2001 up to 240 thousand ton in 2004.
Project Developer CERs Recipient Methodology Used
Project Status The Project Design Document was finalized on 5 October, 2006 and submitted for validation.
Project
Design Document (Version 03-1(2)) |
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